3.1 UWB Technology. UWB RF technology allows a robust and energy effective data and signals transmission through wireless networks. By using a wide bandwidth, UWB offers an effective and low-cost combination of data and energy management systems by utilizing bands within the frequency range of 3.1–10.6 GHz. Body Area Networks (BAN) A Body Area Network is formally defined by IEEE 802.15 as, " a communication standard optimized for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body (but not limited to humans) to serve a variety of applications including medical, consumer electronics / personal entertainment and other " [IEEE 802.15]. In Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006, 8 September 2006. Zheng and Myung J. Lee, “A comprehensive performance study of IEEE 802.15.4,” Sensor Network Operations, IEEE Press, Wiley Interscience, Chapter 4 A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using a wireless distribution method within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building. A (WPAN) wireless personal area network is a low range wireless network which covers an area of only a few dozens of meters Types of Wireless Networks. Wireless LANs − Connects two or more network devices using wireless distribution techniques. Wireless MANs − Connects two or more wireless LANs spreading over a metropolitan area. Wireless WANs − Connects large areas comprising LANs, MANs and personal networks. Advantages of Wireless Networks A Metropolitan Area Network is a class of network which serves a large geographical area between 5 to 50 kilometers in range. This geographical area can include several buildings, such as a college campus, sometimes referred to as a campus network, or an area as large as a city (metropolitan area). These networks are larger than a LAN, but It is a technology that makes the individual nodes IP enabled. 6LoWPAN can interact with 802.15.4 devices and also other types of devices on an IP Network. For example, Wi-Fi. It uses AES 128 link layer security, which AES is a block cipher having key size of 128/192/256 bits and encrypts data in blocks of 128 bits each. network coordinator (nc in Figure 2) is attached to the home personal server that runs the PS application. The medical sensor nodes and the network coordinator form a wireless personal area network. By excluding the PDA, we can reduce system cost. However, this setting is likely to Source: Romeo 2019. Low-Power Wide-Area Network ( LPWAN) is a type of wireless telecommunication wide area network designed to allow long range communications at a low bit rate among connected objects, such as sensors operated on battery. On one end of the spectrum are cellular standards (3G, 4G) that offer good range and good data rates but A home area network (HAN) is a network inside the home used to provide monitoring and control over energy usage. It connects to the utility’s electric meter and monitors energy usage so the home owner can see what energy is being used and where. It is also used to give the utility a way to control the heating and air conditioning to save energy. SNWGU.